Jueves, 4 de Septiembre de 2008

Zero hour for Zardari

By Simon Tisdall (THE GUARDIAN, 04/09/08):

By common consent Pakistan stands at a critical juncture. The Islamist insurgency in Afghanistan has spread into its western tribal areas, where al-Qaida and Taliban militants are now firmly established. The “war on terror” alliance with the US is under severe strain as Washington noisily criticises the army’s failure to curb extremism.

Meanwhile 71% of Pakistanis, according to a recent poll, believe all counter-terrorism cooperation with the US should be halted.

Chronic poverty among an expanding population of about 160 million is being exacerbated by sharply rising food and energy prices that if unchecked, may provoke civil disturbances and further fuel the Islamist fire. According to figures published this week, Pakistan is running a 7.2% budget deficit. Its foreign currency…

Hot or Cool on Russia?

By David Ignatius (THE WASHINGTON POST, 04/09/08):

In the days after the Russian invasion of Georgia, the world had a chance to examine the different foreign policy styles of John McCain and Barack Obama. It was a telling comparison that offered some clear signs of how the two candidates would react to crises.

The contrast was between hot and cool; between quick action and cautious deliberation; between a man with his eye on military and strategic issues and another who is focused on diplomacy.

Listening to McCain, you sensed the beginning of a new Cold War; hearing Obama, you felt a desire to prevent that Cold War from taking root. McCain’s advice could be summed up as “get tough” to deter the aggressor; Obama’s tone…

Democracy Within Our Reach

By Asif Ali Zardari, co-chairman of the Pakistan People’s Party (THE WASHINGTON POST, 04/09/08):

Pakistan is at a crossroads. The gravity of the situation has led me, at the insistence of my Pakistan People’s Party (PPP), to run for president in Saturday’s elections. My children and I are still mourning our beloved leader, wife and mother, Benazir Bhutto. We did not make the decision for me to run lightly. But we know what is at stake. Chief among the challenges that all Pakistanis face is the threat of global terrorism, demonstrated again in this week’s assassination attempt against Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani.

Returning Pakistan’s presidency to democratic governance is a huge step in our country’s transition from dictatorship to democracy. I want…

Bringing out the best in us

By Fu Ying, the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom (THE GUARDIAN, 04/09/08):

A question often raised after the Beijing Olympics is this: in what way has it changed China - and where is the country heading now? One of the most important effects has been on the world’s perception of China, and vice versa. The Olympics brought the international community into China and made the Chinese people feel closer to it. They understand better the diversity of the world, and are more relaxed about different opinions about their homeland. They are more confident in expressing their feelings and thoughts to the world.

The Olympics also opened up China more directly to the world, thanks to the presence of 30,000 international journalists.…

Geo-engineers, too, have a vital role in saving the planet

By Oliver Tickell, the author of Kyoto2 (THE GUARDIAN, 04/09/08):

This week the Royal Society published a special edition of its journal, Philosophical Transactions, dedicated to “geo-engineering” interventions to combat global warming. Its initiative deserves to be welcomed, not rejected out of hand. The time may come when we need to geo-engineer in order to maintain our planet in a livable state.

Doug Parr, Greenpeace UK’s chief scientist, made the case against: we should muster serious political will, and equally serious finance, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Using existing and proven clean technologies from wind turbines to concentrated solar power, we need to bring about a worldwide renewable energy revolution. If we do the above, he implied, we will not need any “outlandish”…

Only a combination of deterrence and detente can meet this challenge

By Timothy Garton Ash (THE GUARDIAN, 04/09/08):

As you read this, another corner of Europe has been ethnically cleansed. That means young men murdered, old women driven out of their lifelong homes, villages plundered and torched. As in Bosnia, so now in South Ossetia, with the butcher’s work largely done by irregular militias. “We did carry out cleaning operations, yes,” the militia leader “Captain Elrus” told the Guardian’s Luke Harding. These violent crimes have been committed under the noses of Russian troops, now unilaterally rebranded peacekeepers by the simple expedient of being given blue helmets. This ethnic cleansing has extended to the buffer zone around South Ossetia that Russia has unilaterally established, exploiting an alleged loophole in the ceasefire agreement brokered by…

Miércoles, 3 de Septiembre de 2008

Reported US attack pushes Afghanistan war into Pakistan

By Simon Tisdall and Saeed Shah (THE GUARDIAN, 03/09/08):

The war in Afghanistan spilled over into Pakistani territory for the first time today when heavily armed commandoes, believed to be US special forces, landed by helicopter and attacked three houses in a village close to a known Taliban and al-Qaida stronghold.

The early morning attack on Jala Khel killed between seven and 20 people, according to a range of reports from the remote Angoor Adda region of South Waziristan. The village is situated less than a mile from the Afghanistan border.

Local residents were quoted as saying most of the dead were civilians and included women and children. It was not known whether any Taliban or al-Qaida militants or western forces were among the dead.

Major-General…

Did neocons start the second cold war?

By Simon Tisdall (THE GUARDIAN, 03/09/08):

Dick Cheney’s whirlwind Caucasus tour, which began today, will be interpreted by conspiracy theorists, Kremlin apologists, and by the Russian government, as further “proof” of their contention that the hawkish US vice-president and his neocon buddies deliberately provoked last month’s Georgia crisis for American presidential election campaign purposes.

The White House says Cheney will assess Georgia’s future needs and study the broader implications of Russia’s partitioning of the country when he meets President Mikhail Saakashvili in Tbilisi. The Bush administration was meanwhile due to announce a $1bn bilateral economic aid package to rebuild Georgia, in addition to an emergency $750m stand-by loan arranged via the IMF.

A senior administration official said Cheney and Saakashvili would study the implications of the…

How the Fed Can Fix the World

By Roger C. Altman, the deputy secretary of the Treasury during the first Clinton administration (THE NEW YORK TIMES, 03/09/08):

Small rallies notwithstanding, we are experiencing the most dangerous financial period since the 1930s. In the year since this crisis erupted, huge losses have threatened the solvency of our largest financial institutions. As a result, the Federal Reserve has been forced into increasingly difficult emergency actions, including the rescues of the investment firm Bear Stearns and the mortgage companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, to prevent the entire system from collapsing. To the Fed’s credit, these efforts have worked so far. But financial market conditions may yet worsen and put too much pressure on the Fed.

Legally, the Fed can extend virtually…

To Russia, with love

By Edward Lucas, the author of The New Cold War: How the Kremlin Menaces Both Russia and the West (THE GUARDIAN, 03/09/08):

On Russia, at least, Gordon Brown, David Cameron and Nick Clegg think alike. Belatedly and perhaps emptily, all three party leaders have condemned the invasion of Georgia and demanded a tough response. Yet a different and even odder alliance is taking shape on the other side. Its members include such unlikely figures as Andrew Murray of Stop the War Coalition, David Davies, the Tory MP for Monmouth, and historian Correlli Barnett, as well as anonymous but influential City bankers and lawyers.

The Kremlin’s most constant allies are the old pro-Soviet left: people such as Bob Wareing, the veteran leftwing MP for…

Thaksin’s long shadow

By Duncan McCargo, a professor of Southeast Asian politics at the University of Leeds (THE GUARDIAN, 03/09/08):

When the first fatality occurred in the clashes between rival “pro-democratic” forces in Bangkok early yesterday morning, people were shocked but not exactly surprised. Pressure had been building for more than three months, as yellow-shirted protesters styling themselves as the People’s Alliance for Democracy appropriated royalist colours and nationalist language to oppose the government of prime minister Samak Sundaravej and his People Power Party (PPP). Late last year, Samak proclaimed himself a nominee of the party’s mentor and financier, the former PM and now ex-Manchester City owner Thaksin Shinawatra.

Although he was ousted in a military coup in 2006, Thaksin’s five-year premiership has cast a…

La inmortalidad y los cumpleaños

Por Manuel Cruz, catedrático de Filosofía en la Universidad de Barcelona y director de la revista Barcelona Metrópolis (EL PAÍS, 03/09/08):

A la memoria de Maria-Mercè Marçal

Hay gente que dispara su tristeza contra todo lo que se mueve, al igual que hay personas que regalan su amargura con generosidad, sin preocuparse gran cosa por los destinatarios de su regalo. Me ocurrió hace algún tiempo, al terminar eso que en la jerga profesional se suele denominar un almuerzo de trabajo. Llegado el momento del café, y una vez despachadas las cuestiones laborales que nos habían convocado, mi interlocutor, a quien acababa de conocer ese mismo día, me formuló, distraídamente, la pregunta: “Oye, y tú ¿cuántos años tienes?”. El diálogo continuó por donde suele ser…

Policías honestos ‘versus’ policías delincuentes

Por Joaquín Villalobos, ex guerrillero salvadoreño y consultor para la resolución de conflictos internacionales (EL PAÍS, 03/09/08):

Es mejor condenar un inocente que liberar un culpable”; “policía que quiere llegar a viejo, debe hacerse el pendejo” y “la ley entra con sangre”, han sido principios de la seguridad latinoamericana. El primero se atribuye a un coronel colombiano, el segundo a los policías mexicanos y el último es universal. La creencia de que el mejor policía es aquel que más se parece al delincuente la secunda hasta el propio George Bush, quien considera que la tortura conocida como “simulación de asfixia” es un buen método para interrogar prisioneros. Desprecio por la justicia, indiferencia ante el crimen organizado y convicción de que la fuerza…

Letanías y contraletanías

Por Pere Puigdomènech, profesor de Investigación del CSIC (EL PAÍS, 03/09/08):

Las grandes creencias suelen tener entre sus ritos plegarias compuestas de enumeraciones de carácter repetitivo. Lo vemos en la recitación reiterada de partes del Corán, en los salmos del judaísmo y en las religiones orientales. En la liturgia católica las letanías de la Virgen se componen de una lista invariable de advocaciones de la Madre de Dios a las que hay que responder de forma apropiada. Son oraciones, formas de aprendizaje, expresiones artísticas, y también una forma de demostrar la propia aquiescencia a una creencia y a sus prácticas. En multitud de decisiones sociales parece a menudo que es más fácil referirse a una lista inamovible de juicios o referencias…

Los neandertales eran ‘progresistas’

Por Adolfo Suárez Illana, abogado e hijo del ex presidente del Gobierno Adolfo Suárez (EL MUNDO, 03/09/08):

Resulta que estos primitivos homínidos, extinguidos hace unos 25.000 años, van a ser la reserva ideológica del ala más radical del PSOE de Zapatero. Quede claro que digo esto con todo el respeto debido y sin ánimo de ofender a nadie. Y me explico.

Esta extinta especie de homínidos primitivos practicaba, ya en su tiempo, una forma también primitiva de aborto. Mataba a los niños recién nacidos que, por una u otra causa, no podía atender. Igualmente, llevaba a cabo una primitiva forma de eutanasia, ya que abandonaba a su suerte a los ancianos, cuando se daban idénticos motivos. También practicó el canibalismo. Junto a…

El espíritu de Bill Buckley

Por José M. de Areilza Carvajal, Cátedra Jean Monnet - Instituto de Empresa (ABC, 03/09/08):

A pesar de la situación de emergencia creada por el ciclón tropical «Gustav» en EE.UU., la convención republicana se reúne en estos días para nombrar oficialmente a John McCain candidato a la Casa Blanca. El lanzamiento de la candidatura es también una ocasión para preguntarse por la identidad y los valores de la formación política heredera de Abraham Lincoln tras la controvertida presidencia de George W. Bush. Una manera de hacerlo es recordar a William F. Buckley Jr., el gran intelectual norteamericano desaparecido hace unos meses, la figura más valorada por los votantes republicanos después de Ronald Reagan. Sin embargo, no es una persona muy conocida…

En busca de justicia para todos

Por Rubén Herrero, profesor de Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad Complutense (EL PERIÓDICO, 03/09/08):

La detención de Radovan Karadzic, su puesta a disposición del Tribunal Penal para la ex-Yugoslavia (TPIY) y la apertura de investigaciones por parte del Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) contra el presidente de Sudán, Omar Al-Bashir, han avivado el debate sobre la utilidad y la eficacia de una justicia penal internacional.
Es importante no confundir el TPI, establecido en el 2002, que atiende casos de genocidio, crímenes de guerra y contra la humanidad cometidos por individualidades, con el Tribunal Internacional de Justicia (TIJ) de Naciones Unidas creado en 1945, que dirime conflictos entre estados.
La guerra fría impidió avanzar en la idea de una corte penal internacional. El TIJ, por…

El verdadero nudo gordiano

Por Javier Elzo, catedrático emérito de Deusto (EL PERIÓDICO, 03/09/08):

Ramón Jáuregui, en la actualidad secretario general del Grupo Parlamentario Socialista en el Congreso, en los tiempo de Ardanza vicelendakari en el Gobierno vasco, es un político incomprensiblemente arrinconado. Siendo yo nacionalista –aunque moderado, porque radical lo soy de otras cosas– debería alegrarme porque con él de candidato socialista a lendakari el que proponga el nacionalismo vasco para las próximas autonómicas (está por ver quién será), lo tendría mucho mas difícil que con Patxi López, que no tiene la experiencia de gobierno de Jáuregui, su empaque ni conoce el euskera como él.
El 31 de agosto, Jáuregui, en una entrevista al Diario vasco, define al Partido Socialista de Euskadi así: “Queremos trasladar…

Martes, 2 de Septiembre de 2008

How Many Americans?

By Steven A. Camarota, director of research at the Center for Immigration Studies in Washington (THE WASHINGTON POST, 02/09/08):

When the Census Bureau released its new population projections last month, most of the media focused on the country’s changing racial composition. But this was almost certainly not the most important finding. The projections show that the U.S. population will grow by 135 million in just 42 years — a 44 percent increase. Such growth would have profound implications for our environment and quality of life. Most of the increase would be a direct result of one federal policy — immigration. If we reduced the level of immigration, the projections would be much lower. The question we have to ask ourselves is: Do…

Democracia e indigenismo en América

Por Álvaro Pop, antropólogo guatemalteco (EL PAÍS, 02/09/08):

Bolivia consolida la necesidad del debate sobre la democracia y los pueblos indígenas en América Latina. El poderoso movimiento que instaló en el poder a Evo Morales, es la muestra de cómo los pueblos indígenas están usando la democracia para la conquista del Poder Ejecutivo. De base sindical, obrera y campesina, pero al final con un planteamiento indigenista.

Junto con esta emergencia, es necesario considerar el informe sobre la Democracia en América Latina, elaborado por el ex canciller Dante Caputo, que demuestra que las poblaciones no ven resultados concretos en su vida cotidiana a partir de la democracia.

En cada elección aumenta la participación ciudadana rural, en Guatemala por ejemplo, previo a la última elección…